Aggressive Chemical Environment for Concrete Guide (ACEC)

Concrete is one of the most popular construction materials, used in a huge range of projects, across the world.

It’s renowned for its durability, strength and versatility, and its ability to withstand a wide range of conditions. But, there are some circumstances where concrete can be vulnerable to degradation.

Even the strongest concrete types can be vulnerable to chemical attacks, if exposed to harsh chemical conditions. Key examples include sites where chlorides, sulphates, acids and carbon dioxide are present. If the right type of concrete isn’t used, these chemicals can quickly weaken the cement matrix.

So, if your project is due to take place in an environment where these chemicals are present, you must choose an appropriate Aggressive Chemical Environment for Concrete (ACEC) Class.

Below, our experts have shared a full guide to identifying the correct ACEC Class for your project.

Jump to:

• Where is ACEC testing required?
• Understanding ACEC classes
• Why is correct specification important?

At iMix Concrete, our team can mix all types of concrete, for any application – see our Strengths & Grades page for more information, or use our Concrete Calculator.

Where is ACEC testing required?

It’s important to note that certain sectors and environments are more likely to encounter aggressive chemical conditions.

These include industrial manufacturing, wastewater treatment, marine and coastal structures and agricultural facilities, among others.

As a result, for construction projects in these settings, testing for the presence of chemicals is absolutely critical. It is particularly important that project managers thoroughly test the area for the presence of chlorides, sulphates, acids and carbon dioxide.

These tests must take place in the surrounding soil, groundwater and air. Then once these tests have been completed, the appropriate ACEC Class of concrete can be selected.

Chlorides

Commonly found in marine environments and areas where de-icing salts are used. They commonly cause concrete cracking and spalling, and can also corrode steel reinforcements.

Sulphates

Naturally occurring in some soils and groundwater. They are also particularly present in industrial waste. They commonly cause concrete expansion and disintegration.

Acids

Commonly found in agricultural silage pits, chemical plants and wastewater systems. They can break down the cement matrix, and compromise the concrete’s structural strength.

Carbon Dioxide

Can reach aggressive levels in polluted or industrial areas. This lowers the concrete’s pH, causing steel reinforcements to corrode.

Understanding ACEC Classes

There are three main ACEC Classes. These are designed to be resistant to specific types of chemical exposure.

• Aggressive Chemical (AC) – AC concrete is designed for use in environments where there are high concentrations of aggressive chemicals (e.g. acids). As a result, it’s widely used in chemical plants and wastewater treatment facilities.
• Design Chemical (DC) – DC concrete is suitable for contexts with moderate or occasional chemical exposure. Common examples include sites where de-icing salts are used.
• Design Sulphate (DS) – DS concrete is designed to resist sulphate attacks from soil or groundwater. As a result, it’s widely used in sites with high sulphate levels.

Why is correct specification important?

By testing for these substances, the project managers can determine the correct ACEC Class to use. But why is this important?

Choosing the right class of concrete ensures long-term protection against chemical attack, structural integrity and stability.

If the wrong type of concrete is used, the structure will be at risk of early deterioration, regular and costly maintenance, and safety concerns.

At iMix Concrete, we supply premium quality concrete of all grades and types, including all ACEC Classes. We can fulfil orders of any volume, and we deliver to sites across the country, including London, Kent, Essex and beyond.

Our expert team of fully qualified and accredited concrete specialists can work with you, to advise on the best concrete class and mix design to meet all your specifications.

To find out more, or to arrange for your support for your upcoming project, don’t hesitate to get in touch.

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